Human GMDS gene fragment hypermethylation in chronic high level of arsenic exposure with and without arsenic induced cancer

Arsenic, though a poor mutagen, is an accepted environmental carcinogen. Perturbation of DNA methylation pattern leading to aberrant gene expression has been hypothesized as the mechanism for arsenic induced carcinogenesis. We had earlier demonstrated the hypermethylation of promoter region of p53 and p16 genes in persons exposed to different doses of arsenic. Till now no genomic hot spot has been identified which is frequently hypermethylated or hypomethylated in persons chronically exposed to environmental arsenic. In the present work, we have identified one hypermethylated sequence by methyl-sensitive arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood leukocyte DNA of chronically arsenic exposed persons with and without arsenic induced skin cancer. The sequence is from GMDS gene responsible for fucose metabolism. Southern hybridization of the sequence to the amplification products of methyl sensitive restriction enzyme digested genome of persons exposed to different doses of arsenic indicated that methylation increased in a dose dependent manner.